![]() ![]() As such, using the discriminant function formula introduced in South Korea by Moon and Hwang with the RDS cut-off score would increase the validity of the detection of malingering. In order to detect malingering or intentional poor performance, a multidimensional approach is necessarily required. ![]() However, the clinician should not utilize the RDS cut-off score alone to evaluate malingering. Moreover, η 2, which represents the effect size in ANOVA, was calculated η 2 values of 0.01 to 0.06 represent a “small effect,” 0.06 to 0.14 represent a “medium effect,” and 0.14 and above represent a “large effect.” This study used SPSS 21.00 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for statistical analysis. In order to examine the difference in RDS scores among the groups, ANOVA was conducted. According to a previous study, an RDS score corresponding to 10% of the base rate through frequency analysis was considered as the cut-off score in this study. Next, frequency analysis was conducted in order to examine the cumulative percentage and base rate of RDS, and the results were presented as a cumulative frequency and base rate (cumulative percentage). The indexes and the scaled scores by group were presented as average and standard deviations through frequency analysis. Age and level of education were presented as average and standard deviations, while gender was presented as the number of cases and a percentage. įrequency and descriptive analysis were conducted to examine the demographic characteristics. In contrast, previous studies with persistent post-concussive patients, neurocognitive dysfunction patients, and university students showed that an RDS score of 7 pts was the appropriate cut-off score. In addition, previous studies on mixed clinical patients (depressive disorders, pain disorders, seizure disorders, and etc.) suggested that an RDS score of 6 pts was the appropriate cut-off score. Another previous study with a psychosis group (consisting of patients with the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and other psychotic disorders) and a non-psychosis group (consisting of patients with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder) found that an RDS score of 7 pts was a more appropriate cut-off score. However, the study found that an RDS score of 6 pts was the appropriate cut-off score for the groups with severe memory disorders, intellectual disabilities, borderline intelligence, and those whose mother tongue is not English. A subsequent review study on patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), intellectual disabilities, adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and chronic pain found that an RDS score of 7 pts was the appropriate cut-off score for the group of TBI, adult ADHD, and chronic pain patients. regarded an RDS score of 7 pts as the appropriate cutoff score. In previous studies, researchers attempted to find appropriate cut-off scores for RDS in various groups. First, a brief review of the tests that allow the clinician to determine the validity of performances or symptoms will be followed. In this study, the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (K-WAIS-IV) was used to verify the performance validity of examinees and to suggest the indicator of performance validity so that it can be easily utilized in actual psychiatric settings. Similarly, it may be difficult for the clinician to judge whether or not proper efforts have been made by the examinee in WAIS-IV. The most commonly used performance-based measures in psychiatry can be intelligence tests, and the most recent Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) is one of the most widely used adult intelligence tests. In this case, it may be difficult to judge poor performance or malingering unless clinicians have an objective basis for judging the examinee’s performance validity. Determining validity in performance-based measures entirely depends on the examinee’s performance efforts. In contrast, performance-based measures often do not include the validity scales that are included in the self-reported measures. ![]()
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